Effects of sex education on early child pregnancies in the selected senior secondary schools: case study Kalungu district

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of sex education on early child pregnancies in selected senior secondary schools in Kalungu District. It aimed to examine the extent of sex education implementation, its impact on teenage pregnancy rates, and the challenges hindering its effective delivery. A descriptive case study design with mixed methods was employed, involving students, teachers, parents, and school administrators. Findings revealed that while 73.3% of students had received sex education, its implementation was inconsistent and hampered by inadequate teacher training, limited resources, and cultural or religious opposition. Despite these challenges, 75% of students reported improved knowledge of reproductive health and contraceptive methods, and 70% of female students felt more empowered to avoid early sexual activity. However, peer pressure, parental resistance, and insufficient government support continued to undermine the effectiveness of sex education programs. The study concluded that sex education contributed positively to adolescent reproductive health awareness and the reduction of early pregnancies but emphasized the need for enhanced teacher capacity, resource provision, parental involvement, and culturally inclusive approaches to maximize impact.