Effectiveness of NGO interventions in managing conflict between host communities and refugees: zone two, Bidibidi refugee settlement, Yumbe district

Abstract

The study assessed the effectiveness of NGO interventions in managing conflict between host communities and refugees. The objectives of the study were; to identify factors contributing to conflicts between host communities and refugees, to evaluate the specific conflict management strategies employed by NGOs and to analyze the impact of NGO interventions on fostering dialogue, cooperation, and sustainable peace between host communities and refugees in Zone Two of Bidibidi settlement, Yumbe district.The study employed a case study design to investigate the effectiveness of NGO interventions in managing conflict between host communities and refugees in Zone Two, Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, Yumbe district.A qualitative research approach was used to capture rich data regarding stakeholders' perceptions, experiences, and insights related to conflict management interventions by NGOs in the settlement. Data was collected from 04 NGOs staff, 02 refugee leaders, 02 host community leaders, 19 refugee members and 27 host community members. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with NGO staff, community leaders, refugees, host community members and participant observation of NGO activities and community interactions.Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes from qualitative data, ensuring systematic and rigorous interpretation of findings. The study found that some members of the host community were not adequately compensated for the land given to refugees. The increase in population has led to overuse of land resources, creating tension between the two groups.Cultural differences fuel misunderstandings and conflicts between refugees and host communities. Differences in lifestyle and traditions have leads to conflicts, with locals accusing refugees of disrespecting their customs.NGOs frequently use dialogue sessions and training workshops to educate both host and refugee communities on peaceful coexistence, gender-based violence, and resource management.There was evidence of weak coordination, absence of local leaders in key activities, and lack of follow-up. These issues rendered many peace building dialogues ineffective or merely symbolic. While critiques were widespread, the study also revealed examples of success, particularly youth sports, joint clean-up projects, and vocational training. These interventions promoted positive interaction and community building.The findings highlighted the need for inclusive, locally-led, and sustained interventions to achieve lasting peace and social cohesion in the settlement.