An investigation into the effects of cash compensation on project-affected persons: case study proposed Kampala - Jinja expressway (18km of Kampala southern by-pass)

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of cash compensation on project-affected persons (PAPs) of the proposed Kampala - Jinja Expressway (18km of Kampala Southern by-pass). The study objectives were to find out: 1. Unison the effectiveness of the cash compensation process; 2. the experiences of the PAPs towards the cash compensation; and 3. the impact of cash compensation on the PAPs. The study employed a case study approach. A sample size of 291 respondents was used. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlations and regression analysis). The study's conclusions highlight key findings, starting with the crucial role of cash compensation as a vital component of displacement management. This compensation significantly impacts Project-Affected Persons' (PAPs') perceptions, satisfaction, and economic stability, underscoring its importance. While many beneficiaries recognize the fairness and adequacy of disbursements, several challenges, such as delays, poor communication, and limited community involvement, hinder trust and satisfaction, indicating areas for improvement. Building on this, the findings emphasize that effective displacement processes require transparent, participatory, and culturally sensitive approaches to address these challenges. Furthermore, these approaches must be complemented by ongoing livelihood and social support programs to ensure holistic support. It is critical to note that cash alone cannot ensure long-term recovery; therefore, targeted interventions like housing assistance and livelihood development are essential for fostering resilience and community well-being. Overall, improving communication, ensuring fair valuation, and integrating comprehensive support strategies are essential for maximizing positive outcomes and reducing resistance, thereby promoting more sustainable and inclusive project implementation. By addressing these key areas, project implementers can strengthen community trust, satisfaction, and ultimately achieve long-lasting benefits. This includes incorporating personalized property valuations and standardized, fair assessment procedures that reflect true market values. Authorities should enhance communication by establishing consistent, multi-channel engagement, regular updates, and culturally sensitive outreach to foster trust and understanding among PAPs. Implementing real-time disbursement tracking systems can improve timeliness and reduce delays, while integrating livelihood recovery programs into compensation packages will support sustainable community rebuilding and resilience. Additionally, developing targeted support services, such as housing assistance and capacity-building initiatives, is essential to address long-term economic stability. Ultimately, adopting an inclusive, transparent framework that emphasizes community involvement, fair evaluation, and ongoing support will maximize positive outcomes, strengthen trust, and ensure that displacement processes are equitable and sustainable.