Effect of waste management practices on environmentalsustainability: implications for natural resources

Abstract

This study examined the effect of waste management practices on environmental sustainability and natural resources along the River Rwizi in Mbarara City. Specifically, it assessed the current status of waste practices, challenges faced by authorities and communities, and strategies for improvement. A convergent parallel mixed-method design was adopted, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total of 430 respondents were selected from a target population of 2,340 using stratified and systematic sampling, including 327 community members from Rwemigina and 103 from Mbarara Central Market. Key informants such as the city mayor, council clerk, environmental health officer, physical planner, and health inspector were purposively and snowball sampled. Data collection employed questionnaires for quantitative data and structured interview guides for qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative responses were thematically summarized. Findings revealed plastics (43.3%) and organic waste (39.6%) as the most common waste types, with municipal collection (24.7%) and open dumping (23.5%) as the dominant disposal methods. Only 32.7% of respondents were aware of waste segregation, indicating a major knowledge gap. Poor practices contributed to environmental degradation, contamination of the River Rwizi, waterborne diseases, reduced agricultural productivity, and loss of aquatic life. Challenges included inadequate funding, limited infrastructure, weak enforcement, and low community responsibility. The study concludes that Mbarara City lacks an integrated and coordinated waste management framework, with gaps between policy and practice. It recommends increased budget allocation, stronger enforcement, public awareness campaigns, and the protection of the River Rwizi catchment zones through afforestation, drainage improvement, and strict anti-dumping laws. These measures would enhance sustainable waste management and safeguard natural resources.