Risks undertaken by farmers who use Biorationals in banana production

Abstract

Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the most important food crops in Uganda; however, banana production is declining, primarily due to pests such as banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) and banana bacterial wilt (BBW). These pests, exacerbated by low soil fertility and diseases, significantly impacts productivity. While chemical control methods are favored for their ease and speed, they are costly, harmful to the environment, and increasingly ineffective due to pest resistance. As a result, there is a rising interest in ecologically sound alternatives, such as biorational insecticides, including tobacco trash, wood ash, pepper, and urine. Despite their growing use, empirical data on the associated risks are lacking. This study employs a descriptive research design to assess the risks of biorational usage, farmers’ perceptions, and risk mitigation strategies. Findings reveal significant risks, including hormesis, insecticide resistance, unintended effects on non-target species, and potential adverse health impacts. Notably, 99% of respondents acknowledge the risks of biorational use, yet 98% are willing to accept these risks for greater profitability, with 97% citing success as a motive and 96% considering biorationals more effective than conventional pesticides. Risk mitigation measures reported include deep cultivation (69%), proper mixing (47%), and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The study recommends rigorous testing of biorational products prior to market launch to ensure safety and efficacy.