Factors influencing solid waste littering by the transport sector: A case study of long-distance bus terminals in Kampala city.

Abstract

Introduction: Public bus transport plays key roles in facilitating the development of economy as it aids trade and social wellbeing through movement of goods and people. Therefore, it is a pre-requisite of efficient economic and social activity that the reliable transport has to be available. However, the plastic convenience culture, population increase, mobility and rapid urbanization has worsened the already complicated problem of solid waste littering in the transport sector especially in developing countries. The amounts of waste generated have reached alarming levels that are both difficult and costly to manage due to littering tendencies (Yu-Min et al, 2008). Objectives of the study: The overall objective of the study was to investigate the influencing factors for solid waste littering in the transport industry and in particular buses that terminate in Kampala City. The specific objectives were: To determine the influence of knowledge and awareness on littering in public buses; the influence of social economic factors to littering in the transport sector; roles of different stakeholders in abating littering in public buses; and key elements of a successful anti-littering program. Methodology: A cross-sectional qualitative study design was used, with exploratory case study approach. Purposive sampling was used for identification of the participants. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussions, Key informants and Observation. The audio recorded data was later transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to categorize and analyze data with the help of Excel package. Results: The findings show participants had knowledge related to littering. However, it could not be put into use due to absence of litter bins and negative attitude. The channels of sharing information on littering such as TVs in buses were not utilized. High affinity for money has affected littering. Conclusion: There is need for hierarchy of communication to all stake holders and KCCA/Government need to coordinate litter management in the transport sector Recommendations: Bus owners need to provide litter bins and use TVs in buses to sensitize passengers. KCCA need to ensure that manufacturers erect bill boards on anti littering and all people whose works generate litter contribute in creating awareness on litter management. Exchange study tours for bus owners and bus terminals could be coordinated by KCCA. Solid waste recyclers need to publicly announce amount of money to be paid for given quantity of wastes. Government could help waste recyclers by giving them waste collection centers along highways and towns. Government could enact and enforce anti littering related laws in the transport sector.